2025年4月28日，西班牙、葡萄牙两国电网发生安全稳定破坏和大面积停电事故，停电总时长超18 h，逾5 000万民众用电受到影响。首先介绍西班牙、葡萄牙电力系统的电源、电网及负荷概况；然后，结合西班牙政府、西班牙电网运营商、欧洲输电系统运营商提供的事故调查报告，全面梳理了从事故前系统运行状态、事故经过到系统恢复的事故各阶段发展过程，总结了事故原因；最后，结合我国电力系统实际提出了新能源高渗透率背景下防范大面积停电事故的启示建议。

On April 28th, 2025 Power systems in Spain and Portugal suffered stability destruction and massive blackout. The total power outage duration exceeded 18 hours, affecting the power supply for over 50 million people. The power system overview for Spain and Portugal, including the generation, power network and load profiles, are firstly introduced in this paper. Then, the entire development process of failure and blackout are presented based on the blackout investigation reports provided by the Spanish government and the Spanish power system operator, covering the system operation status before the fault, the failure progression, and the system restoration phases, and the causes of the blackout are summarized. Finally, based on the actual situation of power systems of China, suggestions are proposed for preventing large-scale power outages in the context of high penetration of renewable energy.