随着新能源在我国能源供应中占比的逐渐增加，其固有波动性会给电力系统带来电力电量不平衡的严峻挑战，系统需要更多灵活性资源来应对系统平衡需求。常规火电机组作为一种优质的灵活调节性资源，对新能源高比例入网至关重要。鉴于火电机组保障性收益下降的情况，我国目前对煤电机组实行两部制电价政策来保障常规火电机组的基本收益，但并不能有效激励火电机组进一步提高调节性能。在对比分析国内外典型容量补偿方法在我国市场环境下的适用性基础上，提出了一种计及成本回收与灵活性调节的双差异化容量补偿方法，具体包括保障型成本回收容量补偿和激励型灵活调节容量补偿两种补偿方式，并建立了相应的补偿强度计算模型。该方法采用通用性评估指标帮助火电机组更精准地回收成本，而且能激励其进一步提高灵活调节性能。最后，通过IEEE 30节点系统模拟，验证了该补偿方法在固定成本回收、灵活调节能力激励以及支持系统稳定运行方面的有效性。

With the increasing proportion of new energy in China's energy supply, its inherent volatility will bring severe challenges to the power system, and the system needs more flexible resources to meet the demand of system balance. As a kind of high-quality flexible regulating resource, conventional thermal power unit is crucial for integrating a high proportion of renewable energy. In view of the decline in the guaranteed income of thermal power units, China currently implements a two-part electricity price policy for coal-fired power units to ensure the basic income of conventional thermal power units, but it cannot effectively encourage thermal power units to further improve their regulation performance. Based on the comparative analysis of the applicability of typical capacity compensation methods at home and abroad in China's market environment, a double-differentiated capacity compensation method considering cost recovery and flexible adjustment is proposed, including two compensation methods: guaranteed cost recovery capacity compensation and incentive flexible adjustment capacity compensation, and the corresponding compensation intensity calculation model is established. This method uses universal evaluation index to help thermal power units recover costs more accurately, and can also motivate them to further improve their flexible regulation performance. Finally, simulations using the IEEE 30-node system validate the effectiveness of this compensation method in fixed cost recovery, flexible regulation capability incentives, and supporting system stability.