目前山火影响输电线路间隙电场的模拟研究中，燃烧颗粒与导线间距和电场畸变效应的关系尚不明晰，同时没有考虑气象因素和植被特性对燃烧颗粒空间分布的影响。为此，搭建了基于模拟实验和真实场景参数的热-流场-电-粒子运动多物理场强耦合优化仿真模型，结合微观和宏观的角度分析山火导致输电线路电场畸变的内在机理。经过模型准确性验证，所提出的模型能从微观程度模拟野外不同阶段的火焰燃烧和输电线路间隙的颗粒运动，并为宏观角度分析植被特性以及气象因素对间隙绝缘性能影响提供理论支撑。结果表明：发生山火时导线表面的电场约为未发生山火时的7.14倍；燃烧颗粒与输电导线的间距会影响颗粒的电场畸变效应，当间距在0.2~0.15 m时最大电场畸变比和畸变范围开始显著上升并逐渐趋于稳定。植被特性以及气象因素通过改变燃烧颗粒在山火间隙的空间分布进而影响间隙的绝缘性能。研究成果有助于评估输电线路在山火灾害下的安全性，为应急响应策略提供理论依据。

In current simulation studies on the impact of wildfires on the electric field of transmission line gaps, the relationship between burning particles and conductor spacing, as well as the electric field distortion effect, remains unclear. Additionally, the influence of meteorological factors and vegetation characteristics on the spatial distribution of burning particles has not been considered. To address this, a highly coupled multi-physics optimization simulation model integrating thermal, flow field, electric, and particle motion is developed based on simulated experiments and real-scenario parameters. This model combines micro- and macro-scale perspectives to analyze the intrinsic mechanisms of electric field distortion in transmission lines caused by wildfires. After verifying the model's accuracy, the proposed model can simulate flame combustion at different stages of wildfires and particle motion in transmission line gaps at a microscopic level, while also providing theoretical support for macro-scale analysis of the influence of vegetation characteristics and meteorological factors on gap insulation performance. The results show that the electric field on the conductor surface during a wildfire is approximately 7.14 times that under normal conditions. The spacing between burning particles and transmission conductors affects the electric field distortion effect, with the maximum distortion ratio and range beginning to rise significantly and gradually stabilizing when the spacing is between 0.2 and 0.15 meters. Vegetation characteristics and meteorological factors influence the insulation performance of the gap by altering the spatial distribution of burning particles in wildfire gaps. The research findings contribute to evaluating the safety of transmission lines during wildfire disasters and provide a theoretical basis for emergency response strategies.