在实现“双碳”目标的过程中，电力在终端能源消费的占比将逐步提高，该特征使得电力行业低碳转型成为全社会降碳减排的基本前提。电力系统中的灵活性负荷可以通过需求响应技术来减少系统运行过程中的碳排放量，但现有电力需求响应技术和基于动态碳排放因子的低碳需求响应技术均不能让用户直观感受用电变化带来的减碳效益。针对此问题，提出了基于边际碳排放因子的低碳需求响应技术，该技术直接以各节点边际碳排放因子为引导信号，告知用户在当前状态下增减用电量带来的碳排放变化，从而引导用户自发采取措施降低系统碳排放。此外，分析了新能源出力不确定性对用户采取低碳需求响应措施偏好程度的影响，并基于修改的PJM5节点系统开展了仿真验证，实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

In the process of achieving the "dual carbon" goal, the proportion of electricity in terminal energy consumption will gradually increase, which makes the low-carbon transformation of the power industry a basic prerequisite for carbon reduction and emission reduction in the whole society. The flexible load in power system can reduce carbon emissions during system operation through demand response technology, but existing power demand response technology and low-carbon demand response technology based on dynamic carbon emission factors cannot allow users to intuitively capture the carbon reduction benefits through electricity consumption changing. In response to this issue, a low-carbon demand response technology based on marginal carbon emission factors is proposed. This technology directly uses the marginal carbon emission factors of each node as a guiding signal, which can inform users of the changes in carbon emissions caused by increasing or decreasing electricity consumption in the current state, thereby guiding users to take spontaneous measures to reduce system carbon emissions. In addition, the impact of uncertainty in new energy output on user preference for low-carbon demand response measures is also analyzed, and simulation verification is conducted based on the modified PJM-5 system. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.