In order to master the lightning strike characteristics of distribution network arrester and propose economic and reliable improvement measures, firstly, the lightning strike conditions of arresters for distribution transformer and arresters for distribution line in typical 10 kV distribution network are classified and simulated, the change rule and numerical level of residual voltage, discharge current and absorbed energy of arrester are obtained. Then, the absorbing lightning surge energy level of D3, D4 and D5 varistor arresters are calculated. Meanwhile, combined with the arrester electric characteristic data, the overload lightning current range and the corresponding overload probability of arresters are given. Furthermore, the technical and economic evaluation of the configuration of MOA with different varistors is carried out. Results show that the use of D4 or D5 varistors arrester can reduce annual average operating costs, improve power supply reliability and reduce maintenance pressure.