Submodule voltage balancing algorithm of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current(MMC-HVDC) is important for the operation of modular multilevel converter (MMC). With the increase of the voltage level of MMC-HVDC, the number of submodules per single bridge arm increases correspondingly, and the great challenges have been posed to the effective execution of the voltage balancing algorithm. In this paper, a fast sorting algorithm based on dynamic range segmentation is proposed. Accor-ding to the finite and changing rules for the distribution range of the sorted elements, this algorithm achieves the fast dynamic range segmentation sorting and balances the field programmable gate array (FPGA) resources consumption by introducing the dynamic range segmentation method and using the rich random access memory RAM resources in the FPGA. The characteristics of the proposed met-hod and other voltage balancing algorithms in sorting accuracy, time consumption and resources consumed by FPGA are compared and analyzed. Finally, the real-time simulation is performed on the RT-Lab, and the simulation results verify the validity and correctness of the proposed dynamic range segmented sorting algorithm.