Taking the new hybrid high voltage DC circuit breaker based on the forced commutation of the coupled negative pressure circuit as a research object, the circuit topology, working principle of the new DC circuit breaker are introduced. A modular control protection system based on high-speed fiber-optic communication and current, voltage, and time control protection strategies with high-speed fault detection are designed. The time sequence of opening and closing control of circuit breaker and its corresponding fast fault protection strategy are described in detail. Based on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform, a circuit breaker simulation model is built. The simulation results show that the control protection strategy can effectively break the DC current, the fault clearing speed is fast, the dynamic characteristics are good during the breaking process and the all parts of the power electronic devices are reliably protected. The correctness and feasibility of the control strategy and fault protection strategy of the proposed hybrid DC circuit breaker are verified.