Aiming at the actual situation of high failure rate of communication modules of smart meters, the reliability evaluation of communication modules of smart meters is carried out. By reliability accelerated life test method, reliability tests are performed under five different stress combinations of temperature and humidity. Based on the goodness-of-fit tests of the two-parameter exponential distribution, Weibull distribution, normal distribution, and log-normal distribution on the failure data, the failure of the smart meter communication module is most consistent with the two-parameter exponential distribution model. Using the Peck acceleration model and extrapolating the test data, the reliability function of the smart meter communication module is obtained. Its ten-year unreliability is 0.126, which does not meet the overall lifespan requirement of smart meter, and the paper proposes several measures to improve the reliability of the communication modules of smart meters.