The general short-circuit current calculation method for distribution networks connected with distributed generations (DGs) uses nodal impedance matrix and iteration procedure, which needs more calculation steps and takes longer calculation time during high penetration level when penetration level of distributed generators is high. A new short-circuit calculation method is proposed based on the fault components superposition and equivalent compensation theorem. The new method uses the improved backward/forward sweep (BFS) method to estimate the normal and fault voltage components. The multiport equivalent compensation method is utilized in the looped systems. The proposed method can calculate short-circuit currents in radial networks as well as weakly meshed networks with DGs. Different cases are studied using the proposed and general methods, and results are examined by the simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. The comparison verifies the validity of the proposed method. The new method can obtain results without using the node impedance matrix and the calculation amount and time are less than the conventional methods, which can be used in radial and weakly meshed distribution networks with DG connection.