In the isolated microgrid, the inertia level is low, and the problem of the frequency stability is obvious. Based on this background, the adaptive inertia and frequency recovery control method for voltage-controlled virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) in isolated microgrid is proposed to improve the frequency stability of the isolated microgrid. In the aspect of adaptive inertia control, the dynamic process of frequency is described by angular frequency deviation and its change rate, and the relationships between them and the virtual inertia is constructed respectively. The sensitivity of the virtual inertia to the changes of angular frequency deviation and its change rate is amplified by the hyperbolic sine function to improve the sensitivity of control. The sigmoid function is introduced to limit the adjustment range of the virtual inertia and suppress the oscillation of VSG output power in the control process. For the frequency recovery control, from the perspective of active power balance between generation and demand, the frequency recovery problem can be transformed into the rebalancing problem of the active power of the whole system. The frequency deviation and its change rate of each VSG are utilized to estimate the rebalancing amount of the active power of the system, and the rebalancing amount of the active power of the system borne by each VSG is allocated to realize power sharing according to the capacity of each VSG. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation tests in different scenarios.