With the construction of new power system, large-scale distributed energy access and high proportion power electronic equipment application, its inherent volatility, randomness and gap may lead to voltage fluctuation and out of limit, system inertia decline, fault handling difficulties, etc. At the same time, the requirements for reliability are becoming higher, so it is urgent to introduce new technologies such as distribution network situation awareness control and protection to solve the corresponding challenges. This paper proposes that the core of distribution network situational awareness control and protection technology is synchronous measurement, including synchronous phasor, synchronous waveform and synchronous traveling wave. The key technologies include situational awareness sensing technology, situational awareness control technology and situational awareness protection technology at three levels: steady, dynamic and transient state. The main technologies include voltage and current broadband multi-level synchronous measurement and situational awareness, multi-level voltage control based on distribution network situation, the distributed resource frequency and inertia active support based on the distribution network situation, and the diagnosis and precise positioning based on the fault situation are proposed. The idea of deploying appropriate equipment in the “substation-line-transformer-house” is proposed. Finally, the research scheme is preliminarily verified.