The DC circuit breaker is the key equipment of the DC system, which can realize the current fault clearing and isolation. The arc extinguishing time of the DC circuit breaker based on the artificial zero-crossing point is uncertain, and the commutation capacitor needs to be replaced with the auxiliary power supply, which reduces the reliability of the circuit breaker and increases the maintenance cost. Hence, a new topology design scheme of the hybrid DC circuit breaker is designed based on photovoltaic charging. In this scheme, the IGBT switch is locked when the DC circuit breaker crosses zero-crossing point and the arc is not extinguished, which accelerates the arc extinguishing, and the photovoltaic energy storage power supply system is designed to precharge the commutation capacitor to ensure the continuous operation of the circuit breaker. At the same time, the topology, breaking sequence and topology parameters of the proposed DC circuit breaker are designed, based on the MATLAB/Simulink experimental platform，the 150 V hybrid DC circuit breaker model is built. The blocking time of IGBT switching devices and the influence of resistance-capacitance diode (RCD) snubber circuit on the breaking of circuit breakers are discussed. On this basis, the breaking processes of the circuit breaker under the normal and short-circuit conditions are analyzed by simulation experiments, the validity of the proposed scheme is verified.