In view of the unreasonable layout of distributed photovoltaics will bring major impact to the distribution network, a double-layer optimized locating and sizing model of distributed photovoltaic considering the load and PV system output timing is proposed. The upper-layer optimization aims to screen a set of combined data of PV access nodes and installed capacity. The lower-layer optimization takes the network loss, voltage offset and minimum investment cost as the objective function, and feeds back the optimal planning results to the upper optimization layer while solving the high-dimensional and nonlinear power factor optimization problem, so as to determine the optimal access node and installed capacity of distributed photovoltaics. In addition, the adaptive artificial bee colony slime mold algorithm with improved crossover operator is introduced to solve the model, which has excellent global search ability, local development ability and renewal mechanism of the individual, which can obtain more ideal high-quality solutions for such models. The simulation results show that the improved slime mould algorithm not only considers the economy, but also significantly improves the active power loss and power quality of the distribution network compared to other algorithms..