To achieve effective carbon reduction in the source-grid-load system and explore the economic value of new energy vehicles in a multi-energy coupling system, an optimal scheduling strategy for an integrated energy system (IES) considering vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and carbon trading under the combined application mode of carbon capture systems and power-to-gas is proposed. Firstly, a system coupling framework is constructed, integrating a flexible operation carbon capture system with power-to-gas, hydrogen storage tanks, and hydrogen-blended gas turbines and other hydrogen energy components. Secondly, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the disordered charging behavior of vehicles, and by combining battery degradation costs and incentive costs, the electric vehicle - hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (EV-HFCV) cluster is guided to participate in the scheduling. Then, a stepwise carbon trading mechanism and a carbon quota trading mechanism for the EV-HFCV cluster are introduced, and a risk-averse model based on information gap decision theory is constructed. Finally, case simulation analysis results show that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce carbon emissions and increase the consumption of renewable energy, and further reduce the overall operating cost of the system through the coordinated scheduling of the EV-HFCV cluster.